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NEW QUESTION # 57
Which of the following options would close a Dependabot alert?
- A. viewing the Dependabot alert on the Dependabot alerts tab of your repository
- B. creating a pull request to resolve the vulnerability that will be approved and merged
- C. viewing the dependency graph
- D. leaving the repository in its current state
Answer: B
Explanation:
To close a Dependabot alert, the primary method is to address the underlying vulnerability. This usually involves merging a pull request that Dependabot creates to update the vulnerable dependency or manually fixing the issue and pushing the updated code. Once the vulnerability is resolved, the alert will be automatically closed. Alternatively, you can manually close alerts in the
"Security" tab of your repository.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
1. Addressing the Vulnerability:
*-> Merge Dependabot Pull Requests:
If Dependabot has identified a vulnerability and created a pull request to fix it, review and merge the pull request. This will automatically update the dependency and close the alert.
* Manual Fix:
If you prefer to fix the vulnerability yourself, make the necessary code changes to update the dependency. Once the changes are pushed and merged, Dependabot will recognize the fix and close the alert.
2. Manually Closing Alerts (if needed)
NEW QUESTION # 58
What is the best way to ensure that added dependencies' licenses are checked and new code is analyzed at the repository level?
- A. Configure Dependabot.
- B. Configure Require status checks to pass with a CodeQL action in a repository Ruleset.
- C. Configure a workflow with the dependency review action.
- D. Enable secret scanning.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A GitHub Dependabot Dependency Review workflow can ensure added dependencies' licenses are checked and new code is analyzed at the repository level by integrating a Software Composition Analysis (SCA) tool into a CI/CD pipeline, which scans pull requests for dependency changes and potential security or license issues before code is merged. This proactive approach helps maintain code quality and compliance by automatically flagging vulnerabilities and invalid licenses, with the option to block merges based on severity.
Note:
1. Integrate into Workflow: You add a job for the Dependency Review action to your CI workflow file within the .github/workflows directory.
2. Scan Pull Requests: The action automatically scans the changes in your pull requests to identify new, removed, or updated dependencies.
3. Analyze Dependencies: It then analyzes these dependencies for known security vulnerabilities and license compliance issues.
4. Flag Issues: The results, including any security alerts and license information, are displayed in the job logs and as a job summary beneath the action run.
5. Enforce and Mitigate Risks: You can configure the action to automatically fail the build and block merges for high-severity issues, ensuring that only compliant and secure code is added to your project.
NEW QUESTION # 59
Assuming that no custom patterns are configured, what type of secret is detected by secret scanning?
- A. Personal Identifiable Information (PII)
- B. private keys
- C. usernames
- D. sealed boxes
Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub secret scanning detects and alerts on sensitive data exposure, such as API keys and credentials, in your code repositories.
NEW QUESTION # 60
Where in the repository can you give additional users access to secret scanning alerts?
- A. Secrets
- B. Security
- C. Insights
- D. Settings
Answer: D
Explanation:
To grant specific users access to view and manage secret scanning alerts, you do this via the Settings tab of the repository. From there, under the "Code security and analysis" section, you can add individuals or teams with roles such as security manager.
The Security tab only displays alerts; access control is handled in Settings.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Which of the following is the most complete method for Dependabot to find vulnerabilities in third- party dependencies?
- A. Dependabot reviews manifest files in the repository.
- B. A dependency graph is created, and Dependabot compares the graph to the GitHub Advisory database.
- C. CodeQL analyzes the code and raises vulnerabilities in third-party dependencies.
- D. The build tool finds the vulnerable dependencies and calls the Dependabot API.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Security Alerts
Dependabot security alerts is a native GitHub service designed for the efficient management of vulnerable dependencies. It continuously scans the project's dependency graph, comparing it to the GitHub security advisory database. Upon detecting a vulnerable dependency version, it prompts developers with a security alert. Dependabot leverages the dependency graph to execute vulnerability scans. To generate this graph, it parses both manifest and lock files residing in the repository's default branch and constructs a comprehensive representation of the complete dependency tree.
Note: GitHub Advisory Database is one of the data sources that GitHub uses to identify vulnerable dependencies and malware. It's a free, curated database of security advisories for common package ecosystems on GitHub. It includes both data reported directly to GitHub from GitHub Security Advisories, as well as official feeds and community sources. This data is reviewed and curated by GitHub to ensure that false or unactionable information is not shared with the development community.
NEW QUESTION # 62
When using CodeQL, how does extraction for compiled languages work?
- A. by generating one language at a time
- B. by running directly on the source code
- C. by resolving dependencies to give an accurate representation of the codebase
- D. by monitoring the normal build process
Answer: D
Explanation:
For compiled languages, CodeQL performs extraction bymonitoring the normal build process.
This means it watches your usual build commands (like make, javac, or dotnet build) and extracts the relevant data from the actual build steps being executed. CodeQL uses this information to construct a semantic database of the application.
This approach ensures that CodeQL captures a precise, real-world representation of the code and its behavior as it is compiled, including platform-specific configurations or conditional logic used during build.
NEW QUESTION # 63
Which security feature shows a vulnerable dependency in a pull request?
- A. the repository's Security tab
- B. Dependabot alert
- C. dependency graph
- D. dependency review
Answer: D
Explanation:
Configuring the dependency review action
You can use the dependency review action to catch vulnerabilities before they are added to your project.
About the dependency review action
The "dependency review action" refers to the specific action that can report on differences in a pull request within the GitHub Actions context, and add enforcement mechanisms to the GitHub Actions workflow.
The dependency review action scans your pull requests for dependency changes and raises an error if any new dependencies have known vulnerabilities. The action is supported by an API endpoint that compares the dependencies between two revisions and reports any differences.
NEW QUESTION # 64
By default, who will receive an e-mail when a secret has been detected in a repository? Each answer presents a complete solution. (Choose two.)
- A. users with the Write repository role
- B. users with the Admin repository role
- C. users with the Maintain repository role
- D. security analyst
- E. user who committed the secret
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
When a new secret is detected, GitHub notifies all users with access to security alerts for the repository according to their notification preferences.
These users include:
Repository administrators. [D]
Security managers.
Users with custom roles with read/write access
Organization owners and enterprise owners, if they are administrators of repositories where secrets were leaked Note Commit authors who've accidentally committed secrets will be notified, regardless of their notification preferences. [B]
NEW QUESTION # 65
Which two pieces of information should be included in a security advisory?
- A. Administrator name and severity.
- B. Product affected and severity.
- C. Exposures list and administrator name.
- D. Severity and exposure list.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 66
Which of the following statements most accurately describes push protection for secret scanning custom patterns?
- A. Push protection must be enabled for all, or none, of a repository's custom patterns.
- B. Push protection is enabled by default for new custom patterns.
- C. Push protection is not available for custom patterns.
- D. Push protection is an opt-in experience for each custom pattern.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Ability to detect custom patterns: Organizations can define custom patterns for detecting secrets unique to their environment. This customization ensures that push Protection can effectively identify and block even non-standard secrets [Not C].
Customizing push protection
Once push protection is enabled, you can customize it further [Not A]:
Configure push protected patterns
Customize which secret patterns are included in push protection at the enterprise or organization level.
Define custom patterns
Define custom patterns that push protection can use to identify secrets and block pushes containing these secrets Note: You can enable push protection:
At repository/organization level, if you are a repository administrator or an organization owner.
You will see alerts in the Security tab of your repository when a contributor to the repository bypasses push protection.
For your account on GitHub, as a user. This type of push protection is referred to as "push protection for users." It protects you from pushing secrets to any public repository on GitHub, but no alerts are generated.
NEW QUESTION # 67
What happens when you enable secret scanning on a private repository?
- A. Dependency review, secret scanning, and code scanning are enabled.
- B. Repository administrators can view Dependabot alerts.
- C. GitHub performs a read-only analysis on the repository.
- D. Your team is subscribed to security alerts.
Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub secret scanning detects and alerts on sensitive data exposure, such as API keys and credentials, in your code repositories. Use it to protect your secrets, ensure secure and compliant development practices, and reduce the risk of data breaches and unauthorized access.
GitHub has scanned public repositories for secrets (like API keys and tokens) for several years.
Secret scanning protects our partners and our customers from unauthorized use of the services protected by those secrets. Just this month, 8% of active GitHub repositories committed a secret that was caught by secret scanning.
At GitHub Satellite, we announced secret scanning for private repositories, part of GitHub Advanced Security. We're bringing the same lightning-fast scanning engine and broad set of 24 partners (including all the major cloud providers and many common SaaS providers) to your private repository, so you can catch secrets as soon as they're checked in. Repository admins will be notified about any commit that contains a secret, and can quickly view all detected secrets in the repo's Security tab.
NEW QUESTION # 68
What is required to trigger code scanning on a specified branch?
- A. The repository must be private.
- B. The workflow file must exist in that branch.
- C. Developers must actively maintain the repository.
- D. Secret scanning must be enabled on the repository.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Scanning on push
By default, the CodeQL analysis workflow uses the on:push event to trigger a code scan on every push to the default branch of the repository and any protected branches. For code scanning to be triggered on a specified branch, the workflow must exist in that branch. For more information, see Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions.
NEW QUESTION # 69
Using advanced setup, which code scanning configuration would help detect vulnerabilities before they are added to a shared branch?
- A. on:
workflow_dispatch: - B. on:
pull_request: - C. on:
issues: - D. on:
schedule:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Code scanning merge protection prevents a pull request from merging into a protected branch if it contains security issues or if required code scanning tools are missing or incomplete. This feature, configured using GitHub Rulesets>>, acts as a safeguard, blocking merges until all code scanning alerts are addressed to a defined severity level and the analysis is complete.
Code Scanning Configuration: You configure code scanning tools (like CodeQL) in your repository to run automatically on pull requests using the pull_request: event trigger.
Incorrect:
[Not A]
workflow_dispatch is a GitHub Actions trigger that allows users to manually start a workflow on demand, offering flexibility for tasks like deployments or testing that don't need to run automatically on every code change. This trigger can be configured with custom inputs to provide different parameters for each manual run, giving users more control over when and how specific workflows are executed.
NEW QUESTION # 70
When using the advanced CodeQL code scanning setup, what is the name of the workflow file?
- A. codeql-config.yml
- B. codeql.yml
- C. codeql-workflow.yml
- D. codeql-scan.yml
Answer: B
Explanation:
If you already enabled CodeQL with the default settings, select the menu labeled "...", then select Switch to advanced. Select Disable CodeQL when prompted. Don't worry, we will re-enable it after we've completed the advanced setup process.
After selecting or switching to advanced, you'll be taken to a GitHub Actions workflow file named codeql.yml. You can find it in your Web Goat repository's /.github/workflows directory. This is the file we use to run and configure CodeQL.
NEW QUESTION # 71
What is required to trigger code scanning on a specified branch?
- A. The repository must be private.
- B. The workflow file must exist in that branch.
- C. Developers must actively maintain the repository.
- D. Secret scanning must be enabled on the repository.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
For code scanning to be triggered on a specific branch, the branch must contain the appropriate workflow file, typically located in the .github/workflows directory. This YAML file defines the code scanning configuration and specifies the events that trigger the scan (e.g., push, pull_request).
Without the workflow file in the branch, GitHub Actions will not execute the code scanning process for that branch. The repository's visibility (private or public), the status of secret scanning, or the activity level of developers do not directly influence the triggering of code scanning.
NEW QUESTION # 72
Which features require GitHub Advanced Security to be enabled for internal and private repositories in an organization? Each correct answer presents part of the solution. (Choose two.)
- A. secret scanning
- B. security policy
- C. packages
- D. dependency review
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
About GitHub Advanced Security products
GitHub has many features that help you improve and maintain the quality of your code. Some of these are included in all plans, such as dependency graph and Dependabot alerts.
Other security features require you to purchase one of GitHub's Advanced Security products:
GitHub Secret Protection, which includes features that help you detect and prevent secret leaks, such as secret scanning [B] and push protection.
GitHub Code Security, which includes features that help you find and fix vulnerabilities, like code scanning, premium Dependabot features, and dependency review [D].
NEW QUESTION # 73
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